LL-37 5mg

Within Europe this product is supplied including bacteriostatic water; outside Europe only the peptide vial is provided. For research use only — not for human or veterinary use.   Product Overview LL-37 is a synthetic research peptide derived from the human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide family and is widely studied in laboratory settings for its role in innate immune signalling, cellular defence mechanisms and host–pathogen interaction models. This lyophilized 5 mg preparation supports reproducible in vitro research focused on peptide–membrane interactions and immune-related biochemical pathways.   Peptide Overview LL-37 has been extensively investigated since the early 2000s as part of research into innate immune peptides and antimicrobial defence systems. In laboratory environments, LL-37 is used to study membrane disruption dynamics, immunomodulatory signalling and peptide–lipid interaction behaviour under controlled conditions. Its well-characterised structure and reproducible analytical profile make LL-37 a reference peptide for comparative immune and cellular response studies.   Historical Background and Scientific Context Research into antimicrobial peptides expanded significantly in the late 1990s and early 2000s as scientists sought to better understand innate immune defence mechanisms beyond classical adaptive immunity. LL-37 emerged as one of the most extensively studied human-derived peptides in this field, serving as a model compound in preclinical research exploring immune signalling, inflammation modulation and host-cell interactions.   Mechanistic Focus in Research

• Innate immune signalling and defence pathway modelling
• Peptide–membrane interaction studies
• Host–pathogen interaction research
• Immunomodulatory signalling investigation
• Controlled in vitro biochemical and cellular assays

  Analytical Verification (COA) Independent Liquilabs analysis confirms full validation for Batch GF122025094. Key analytical results include:

• LL-37 Assay Content: 5.72 mg
• Identification – Retention Time: 0.992
• Identification – Spectrum: 995
• Purity: greater than 99.8 percent
• Endotoxins: below 0.001 EU per mg
• Bioburden: not detected
• Heavy Metals: not detected including arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, lead, nickel, mercury and vanadium

All analytical values were obtained using validated chromatographic, spectroscopic and microbiological procedures, ensuring transparent documentation and complete batch traceability.   Research Applications

• Innate immune and antimicrobial peptide research
• Cellular defence and membrane interaction studies
• Immunological signalling pathway analysis
• Comparative peptide structure–function evaluation
• Controlled in vitro immune-response investigations

  Grail Formula Quality Every Grail Formula research peptide undergoes independent third-party laboratory testing for identity, assay accuracy, purity and microbial safety. Each batch is verified for low endotoxin levels, analytical consistency and reproducibility to support reliable scientific research outcomes.   When You Choose Grail Formula… Researchers receive fully documented peptide materials with batch-number traceability, sealed-vial integrity and transparent laboratory verification. EU shipments include sterile bacteriostatic water; outside the EU only the peptide vial is supplied.   Used solely for in vitro experiments and cannot be:

• Used in clinical trials involving humans
• Administered to humans as part of an experiment or investigation
• Supplied to another party for human investigational use

Verified and analysed with Liquilabs s.r.o. (Czechia)
High-purity LL-37 research peptide
Validated assay content 5.72 mg with purity greater than 99.8 percent
Retention time and spectral identification confirmed
Endotoxin levels below 0.001 EU per mg
No detectable heavy metals or microbial growth
EU shipments include bacteriostatic water
For research use only — not for human or veterinary use

For laboratory research only. Not intended for human consumption, injection, or cosmetic use.

This product is for research purposes only. Not for human use or diagnostic/therapeutic applications. Keep out of reach of children.